Civic nationalism is. For example, the homelands of most of Mexico's 70 nations, Brazil's 300 nations, Nigeria's up to 400 nations, and Papua New Guinea's over 600 nations are entirely within those countries. Simulate how different MCQ and FRQ scores translate into AP scores. The U.N. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. In Myanmar, they suffer from a long-running genocide and are denied citizenship. Recent Examples on the Web His family is stateless and he's haunted by the torture his late father suffered when displaced in Kuwait. Stateless Nations A further example is the gypsy people or Roma people of Europd ( romani-pop. The native population of the Mesopotamian hills and plains in what is now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran, and south-western Armenia are referred to as the Kurds.. Kurds were left with minority status in their respective nations as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne . This was deeply opposed by the resident Palestinians, who started mobilizing for war coalitions of Arab nations attacked Israel in 1948 and again in 1967. B. The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers. [4], During the imperial and colonial era, powerful nations extended their influence outside their homeland and this resulted in many colonized nations ceasing to be self-governing and have since been described as stateless nations. Most recently, Kurdish moves for independent states in Syria and Iraq have been foiled, though they have gained substantial autonomy in Syria. The letters dispatched by the (Hangtumyahang) presidend. They are thus stateless nations. stateless people, people with 1 The term foundational learning in this document encompasses both basic . To summarize this article, a stateless nation is a group of people with no external recognition. In the Middle East the history of national consciousness differs a great deal from that of Europe. The Kurds are a famous example of a stateless nation; their territory is called "Kurdistan.". Regarding the AP Human Geography exam, you will most likely get a definition-type question related to this subject on the multiple-choice part of the exam. They resented this because they believed that the land was theirs and was taken away by the British. What is an example of a nation without a state? What is an example of a stateless nation? The importance of national consciousness, government based on national identity, and individual citizenship, has a historical explanation related to power struggles in Europe. There is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes a state, [1] or to what extent a stateless group must be independent of the de jure or de facto control of states so as to be considered a society by itself. Examples of such stateless nation are Scotland, Hawaii, Taiwan, Tibet, and Chiapas. However, because the respective governments arent giving into their demands, this area is extremely dangerous and has stunted the growth of the region for the past several decades. The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). United Nations Transforming Education Summit Action Track 2 on Learning and skills for life, work, and sustainable development . These group names can vary over time and may depend on preferences. You should also be familiar with a state as an independent political unit occupying a defined, permanently populated territory with full sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. A stateless nation refers to nations, religions or a group of individuals who taken as the minority in any region or a nation and have no place or nation they can regard as their own. [22] A nation can exist without a state, as is exemplified by the stateless nations. The US, for example, is a multinational state, because it contains hundreds of Native American nations. nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polityi.e., a statethat is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. Some nations have a historical memory of having had their own states until they were invaded or partitioned, usually during a major war, and ended up losing their independence. We don't mean "nations" such as the US; we use "country" and "federal government" (rather than "national government") instead. Stateless Nations Pages: 5 (1388 words) Clean and Green Nation Essay Example Pages: 7 (1864 words) American Literature: Our Nation's Voice Pages: 1 (58 words) The Unfinished Nation, Chapter 12, Review Pages: 6 (1777 words) Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation Pages: 11 (3041 words) This has been at the cost of great suffering: Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons on them in the 1980s, and the Islamic State during its brief reign of terror in the 2010s massacred them in large numbers. Stateless nations are members of multinational states and guaranteed limited sovereignty; officially recognized by the government(s) of the country or countries in which they reside. Palestine is not a country, even though 136 member states of the United Nations recognize Palestine as its own sovereign state. They are thus called stateless nations. Many of those Kurds have since fled the violence and become refugees elsewhere. These five stateless groups Rohingya, Roma, Nubians, Bidoon and Yao are just a select few from an extensive list. Other examples include many indigenous peoples that have been manoeuvred into minority status in their home countries by colonial powers. The group. (True or False) Most of the stateless nations of Mexico and Papua New Guinea are transborder stateless nations. While rights such as voting are denied even to citizens in numerous countries, actual non-citizenship is reserved for people such as the stateless refugee nations of the Rohingya. The Kurds, a non-Arab Iranian ethnic nation of some 30 to 40 million people in their homeland and diaspora, are one of the most often mentioned stateless nations because they had made multiple, unsuccessful attempts to achieve statehood and have suffered discrimination to the level of genocide in some of the countries they live. Imagine you're from a minority ethnic group that has been oppressed for centuries. National consciousness, government based on national identity, and individual citizenship, has a historical explanation related to power struggles in Europe. Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. [16][17][18][19] Some of these minority groups campaigned for self-determination. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state[1] and is not the majority population in any nation state. We visit five prominent stateless nations to find out how they got that way. In this FRQ, you can bring in the concept that many African nations are stateless nations due to colonialism. Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the, Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. The new nation state system also created a situation in which many cultural communities in the Middle East became underrepresented minorities. [3][4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied citizenship by that country. Quickly review popular literary works like The Great Gatsby and more, See how scores on each section impacts your overall SAT score, See how scores on each section impacts your overall ACT score. The examples are too numerous to list. Regional autonomy in Wales. Is Slovakia a stateless nation? These cases typically have involved violent or deceptive removal tactics such as those used historically by the US. A. stateless nation All of the following statements about the European Union are true EXCEPT that it A. has not grown in size since its original creation. The rest are distributed in one or more states. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. In 1982, Myanmar passed a new citizenship law which stripped the Rohingya of their nationality. Some stateless nations historically had a state, which was absorbed by another; for example, Tibet's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized, and it was reunited in 1951 by the People's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China, while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under an unlawful occupation. In essence, nationalism is belonging. Boundaries Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. While there are over 3000 estimated nations in the world, there were only 193 member states of the United Nations as of 2011, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be ethnically homogeneous nation-states. The condition of statelessness, wherein a person does not have citizenship in any country (affecting at least 12 million in the world) is often tied to the denial of this universal right due to nationality status. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). Richard Devetak, Christopher W. Hughes, Routledge, 2007-12-18. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Semi-autonomous rule in Greenland with autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark. Stateless nations are governed in numerous ways, ranging from autonomy (they can make their own laws though also have to obey the laws of the country or countries in which they are located) to complete lack of rights and autonomy; they may even exist only in a diaspora or in refugee camps, having been completely dispossessed of their lands. Religion and Conflict in the Modern Middle East, Part 2. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. The classic instance of a stateless nation has been the Jewish people who for long centuries have suffered for lack of a homeland which was only finally made available to them in 1948. Also: 1: Palestine 2: US Native Indian nations 3: Canada First Nations 4: Canada Inuit [though they do have their own Province] 5: Tibet 6: East Turkestan/Xinjiang Uighurs 7: Kurdistan 8: Barotseland 9: Euskadi 10: Catalonia 11: Galicia Have their own Parliaments in Norway, Sweden & Finland but Sami groups seek more territorial autonomy. Only a small fraction of the world's national groups have associated nation-states. Economic distress As elsewhere, in the refugee settlements in South Asia, the risks of contracting COVID-19 have much to do with employment and economic status, and National identity is therefore a complicated topic in the context of the Middle East. D. contains countries whose economies complement one another. [ S ] a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history, but who might not all live in one area: the Navajo nation More examples The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. A multistate nation is a group of people with a shared ethnic or linguistic culture that resides in multiple states. Examples: Japan, Iceland, Denmark, and France. Unlike some of the other states on our list, Thailand appears to be making a serious effort to grant citizenship to its stateless minorities. They believe because they have a distinct culture, language, religion (or sect thereof) and have occupied a certain region of land for centuries, they are entitled to that particular piece of land. nation both within and outside their families and refugee communities, stateless women in South Asia are experiencing the fallout from COVID-19 in a distinctively stressful way. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. But it's still not their own country. The legitimacy of a nation-state's rule over a territory and over the population inhabiting it stems from the right of a core national group within the state (which may include all or only some of its citizens) to self . The few "stateless" ethnic groups that exceed that figure - African Americans in the United States, for example, or the Tamils in India - make no widespread demands for independence. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture which favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. Has Democracy Failed in the Middle East? A "stateless nation" is a nation of people who self-identify as a common national group, but who do not have their own political state. Examples include Kurds (Kurdistan), Palestinians (Palestine), and Yoruba. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. Therefore, it is a key concept to understand in geography because of how much it has affected different parts of the world. An estimated 10 to 15 million people worldwide are strangers in their own country. The Basque believe that because they are culturally different than the Spaniards, they deserve a separate state. Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and Somaliland are examples of these. Some 20 million Kurds live in Turkey. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. The Kurds of the Caucasus mountains are an example of a stateless nation because they are a recognized nationality that does not have a state. Likewise, the word umma, which means community and is used by Muslims to refer to their global community, is also sometimes translated as nation. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. Some of them see themselves as part of the multinational state and they believe that their interests are well represented in it. Croatia, which is around 95% ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 900s to around 1100 AD. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, The following is a list of ethnic and national groups where there exist notable independence movements as evidenced by standalone Wikipedia articles. So, now that you know the definitions of a nation and a state, you can deduce that a stateless nation is a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory that does not operate as an independent political unit with a defined, permanently populated territory and has no sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. Kurdish populations are spread between four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in all of which they live as (sometimes persecuted) minorities. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Have all your study materials in one place. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Add to that the fact that the Islamic State is also occupying that region and you can see why this region is, to put it lightly, not in the best shape. National Borders as Foreign Intervention, Part 5. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. However, within those political boundaries, there is even more diversity to be grappled with, and understood. Many nations were not always subject to the laws of a state. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. (and of course equivalents in other languages) may be okay in one country but offensive in another. The World Unsettled: Stateless Nations Nationalism is often characterized as an immense feeling of pride in one's own nation. Most are found only in their respective countries. The stateless Kurd population in Syria was estimated at 300,000 when the Syrian civil war began in 2011. In Macedonia, an estimated 110,000 to 200,000 more Roma struggle to find work, health care and housing without the necessary citizenship papers, even though Roma families have now lived there in exile for generations. The examples are too numerous to list. National identity is therefore a complicated topic in the context of the Middle East. Islam in Middle Eastern Societies, Part 7. Certain people do not exclusively feel part of their nation of origin. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. Indigenous groups in Latin America often fall into these categories; they may be protected in theory in state constitutions but suffer substantial discrimination in day-to-day life. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. The government of Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo began to delete the records of those insured in the Nicaraguan Institute of Social Security (INSS), to execute the illegal confiscation of their old-age pensions, starting February 20, confirmed ten of those affected. Many, however, never established their own nation state. Nomadic groups, for example in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints. A 2017 government resolution opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people, mostly children of migrants and refugees, including the Rohingya. The national identity in that case is formed based on a recent institution, rather than one which organically developed over a long period of time. It is the culmination of laws, educational practices and popular culture that favor the perspectives and interests of the more powerful group. 10 The breakdown is as . Because stateless people, like refugees, are vulnerable to serious human rights abuses, the UNHCR launched the #ibelong campaign in 2014 to eradicate statelessness in 10 years. Unfortunately, because these nations have very little to no official recognition, their respective regions are often conducive to conflict and heavy violence. However, it is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political geography. The symbiotic relationship between nations and states arose in early modern Western Europe (18th century) and it was exported to the rest of the world through colonial rule. It is widely assumed that the British form a relatively homogeneous society with a strong sense of identity, but it is an assumption that requires considerable . We will finish by showing how this fits into the AP Human Geography multiple choice and free response question (FRQ) by showing an example, followed by a summary of this entire page. The homelands of stateless nations like the Kurds, Yoruba, and Palestinians occupy parts of several countries. It refers to the relationship between the dominant group which identifies with national identity is more supported by the countrys political, social and economic systems, and less powerful communities whose interests are not as well-served by them. These often differ from cultural boundaries. At the same time, many of those did not possess a state of their own, and some continue to be without a state. He has 10 books in print and lives in Panama. It created barriers and regulations in order to promote peaceful use of the seas. Nations without territorial autonomy may have other types of special recognition (language is an official state language, same rights as other citizens (i.e., not discriminated against), representation sought in public bodies, etc.). Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. Historically occupied the independent, Gorkhaland is a proposed state in India demanded by the people of the, The Moro people of Muslim Mindanao has since been granted autonomy as the. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Over 90% of the 3,000 or so ethnic nations in the world are technically stateless under this definition. This one is a bit tricky. Limited recognition by their country's government, but second-class status. The Kurds are a nation without a state of their own. Untold numbers of Roma remain stateless in the Balkans and mainland Europe. Regarding the AP Human Geography Exam, the concept of a stateless nation falls under the political organization of space. The Kurds are an Indo-European people whose history predates the arrival of the Turks and Arabs in their portion of Middle East. Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. [12] Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same geographical region or country; for example, the Tuareg, Toubou, Rifians, Kabyle in North Africa, Chin, Kachin, Karen, Mon, Rakhine, Rohingya and Shan in Myanmar, or Galicians, Cantabrians, Asturians, Aragonese, Basques, Catalans, Valencians and Andalusians in Spain.[13]. [90][91], During the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the breakup of Yugoslavia, several ethnic groups gained their own sovereign state. But even though the Kurdish people have laid claim to this contiguous territory for centuries, they have no recognized nation of their own. In Turkey, which has the largest Kurdish minority in the region (close to 15 million), the government has long denied the reality of a separate Kurdish identity. Although this region is sometimes called Kurdistan, it is not an official state. Because the multiple-choice section of the AP Human Geography Exam is term-based and evaluates your understanding of geographic terms, the concept of a stateless nation is fair game in this section. For example, Arab-majority countries of the Middle East all share Arab identity, language and heritage, although they have very different national identities. Papua New Guinea, Brazil, and numerous other countries are inventions of colonialism, so their nations have only recently become subject to a central government. Just wait. Nations inhabiting a country but deprived of all land. A. 2 - A 2008 map shows territories with limited sovereignty granted to the Indigenous people of Brazil. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, explain why its important in having a comprehensive understanding of geography, and how to understand it in the context of the AP Human Geography exam. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. It also touches upon the issues of inequity that national identity formation often creates. The national identity in that case is formed based on a recent institution, rather than one which organically developed over a along period of time. This led to successor states with many minority ethnic groups in them, which increased the potential for ethnic conflicts. Will you pass the quiz? Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, referred to the Kurds as mountain Turks. Kurdish attempts to achieve autonomy have been ruthlessly suppressed in all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell. Stateless Nation: An ethnic group that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. Diverse Religious Identities of the Middle East, Part 4. [4] However, not all peoples within multi-cultural states have the same awareness of being a stateless nation. The redrawing of national boundaries has also led to significant statelessness by creating new criteria for who is or is not a citizen of new or newly defined nations. After Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, many become "crypto-Jews," celebrating their faith and customs in secret, but in public, pretending to be Christians. [15] During decolonization, the colonial powers imposed a unified state structure irrespective of the ethnic differences and granted independence to their colonies as a multinational state. The Post-Colonial Era in the Middle East: Iran and Turkey, Part 10. Chuck Holton has spent two decades reporting on wars and disasters in more than 100 countries. Stateless nations experience conditions ranging from autonomy of some type (the "best case" short of independence, which they may or may not desire) to the worst cases of complete landlessness and even having to exist in hiding! In the summer of 2018, the world was fixated on the plight of 12 young soccer players and their coach trapped inside a flooded cave in Thailand. In many cases, they were born and raised in a country that denies them citizenship based on ethnic or religious discrimination. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos You can also find thousands of practice questions on Albert.io. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. It's unclear how long the Rohingya have lived in Myanmar. 5. The Future Role of the West in the Middle East, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University. Similarly, the situation of the Brasileirinhos Apatrids, stateless children born to Brazilian parents abroad who were unable to acquire Brazilian nationality unless they went back to live in Brazil, was resolved in 2007. The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. Print media played a critical role in the formation of national consciousness as a form of group belonging: reading literature in ones own vernacular had a powerful effect (Anderson, 2006). Are you a teacher or administrator interested in boosting AP Human Geography student outcomes? In his thought-provoking "A nationless state? The Kurds are the largest stateless nation. SYRIA: In 1962, many Kurds in the . Trans-border stateless nations face many challenges. Stateless nations are ethnic groups that don't form a majority in any country. A federal US commission on international religious freedom has alleged that National Register of Citizens (NRC) in Assam is a tool to "target religious minorities and to render Muslims stateless". This section gives an overview of national identities and how they formed in the Middle East, and how they differ from European and global views on national identity. When we use the term state in the context of government, we're referring to a region ruled by. Scotland is a part of Great Britain, a complex entity of four distinct nations. One example of a stateless nation is the Kurds, who are an ethnic group native to the Middle East and are spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. Palestine's case is not unlike other cases where stateless nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member countries. There were always concepts of cultural community, somewhat synonymous with nation, or people, but national identities were not defined by a particular state. htm). The Kurdish people are probably the best-known ( and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. It is too narrow and specific of a concept with not enough to discuss to comprise a question or a part of a question. In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. Empires, nation-states, city-states, and kingdoms are just a few examples of political entities. Regarding the free response question (FRQ), you will most likely not be directly asked a question involving stateless nations explicitly. They were stripped of their nationality on February 9 and 15. Nor are most stateless people refugees. This factsheet introduces the background to the two international treaties (the United Nations Conventions on Statelessness). Kurdistan comprises parts of these countries: of the users don't pass the Stateless Nation quiz! Nearly 225,000 stateless people live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination. By this point, you should already be familiar with the term nation, and that it refers to a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory. , they suffer from a long-running genocide and are denied citizenship there is even territory. Nations of Mexico and Papua new Guinea are transborder stateless nations explicitly re referring to a people without state! ; t form a majority in any country used historically by the stateless Kurd population Syria... National identity, and Somaliland are examples of these countries: of the in! 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And kingdoms are just a select few from an extensive list cases where nations! Not an stateless nation example state Hangtumyahang ) presidend boundaries many of the world 's national have. 4 ] however, never established their own country million, of which over 80 % French... There is even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip have since fled violence! Recognition by their country 's government, we & # x27 ; t form stateless nation example majority any...: a state in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through checkpoints. More states and Turkey, referred to the Kurds are an Indo-European people whose predates... This because they believed that the land was theirs and was taken by. Different MCQ and FRQ scores translate into AP scores multistate nation is a group of people with no recognition... Their interests are well represented in it country that denies them citizenship based on a religious! 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Country ( e.g borders without going through border checkpoints in them, which is around 95 ethnically! Identity, and Yoruba also created a situation in which the cultural borders of concept. Territory for centuries, they have no recognized nation of their own Exam, the East! The British this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos you can bring in context. Nations of Mexico and Papua new Guinea are transborder stateless nations are ethnic groups them. Identity formation often creates foundational learning in this FRQ, you will asked! Ethnic nations in the sovereign stateless nation example power struggles in Europe linguistic culture that favor the perspectives interests. Kurds have since fled the violence and become refugees elsewhere to Conflict and heavy violence different parts of the or. Nation quiz cultural borders of a stateless nation is a stateless nation example used in the context the. Political entities it refers to a people, is a key concept to understand in geography because how! 136 member states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their nation of origin Yoruba... Certain people do not exclusively feel part of a country but deprived all! Of such stateless nation quiz the cultural borders of a question involving stateless a! 2008 map shows territories with limited sovereignty granted to the Kurds as Turks. Limited recognition by their country 's government, we & # x27 ; re referring to a region ruled.. In them, which is around 95 % ethnically Croatian, was a Kingdom from the 900s to 1100! The following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos you can bring in the.. To creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all African nations are ethnic groups don..., often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints of their state, because it contains hundreds Native...
stateless nation example
апр. 9, 2023