of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Medical School: David A. Stevens, M.D. However, only two or fewer given a regimen of ABLC or AmBi were cured of infection in both tissues. Coccidioides, a fungus, is endemic to specific parts of the Western Hemisphere. View David Stevens's Family Tree and History, Ancestry and Genealogy. My main research interest is large scale ocean modelling. The reduction of TNF-alpha production correlated with TNF-alpha gene expression assessed by PCR and nuclear factor kappaB (NF kappaB) levels. Dose range, drug bioavailability, and single and multiple treatment pharmacokinetics studies were performed. View details for Web of Science ID 000235777000016. Temporal studies after challenge with 27 cfu revealed positive brain (4/5 mice) and spinal cord (2/5 mice) cultures on day 3; CSF samples contained 688 leukocytes/mm(3) and 33 cfu/mL. Aspergillus terreus causes invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised individuals and can be the leading cause of IA in certain medical centers. Consistent with the in vitro enhancement of effector cell function by IFN-gamma, in vivo therapy with IFN-gamma significantly (P<0.0001) improved survival of BALB/c mice with pulmonary blastomycosis. This emphasizes the potential importance of a positive culture for Aspergillus in the critically ill, the need for awareness about possible aspergillosis in patients lacking the classical risk factors, and readiness to proceed with appropriate diagnostic maneuvers. ; 3 mg/kg of body weight) or intravenously (i.v. In separate previous studies, we have shown that lipid-complexed amphotericin B (Abelcet [ABLC]) and liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome [AmBi]) are efficacious against coccidioidal meningitis in rabbits. These findings reinforce prior studies that have implicated HCW hands as the source of nosocomial, including neonatal, fungemia. Invasive aspergillosis has been classically associated with certain risk factors: cytotoxic chemotherapy, prolonged neutropenia, corticosteroids, transplantation, AIDS. McCullough, M. J., Clemons, K. V., McCusker, J. H., Stevens, D. A. Epidemiological investigation of vaginal Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates by a genotypic method. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis remains problematic in immunocompromised patient populations. I was Head of the School of Mathematics from 2010 to 2014 and also in 2017, and I was Associate Dean for Learning, Teaching and Quality for the Faculty of Science in 2015-2016 and 2018-2022. Since 2019, she has been President of the charity Humanists UK, which campaigns for state secularism and for "a tolerant world where rational thinking and kindness prevail". We used EcoRI digestion of cellular DNA to generate RFLP; RAPD analysis on genomic DNA. Those group A and B isolates unable to form viable spores may be diploid hybrids between Saccharomyces species. The model we established provides an opportunity to study immune responses to and therapeutic options for CNS disease in an immunologically defined, genetically manipulable, and inexpensive species. Genetic susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780500051919, View details for Web of Science ID 000230896300018. Abelcet at 4 or 8 mg/kg were equivalent to AmB in reducing cfu from both organs (P > 0.05); AmB was superior to 0.8 mg/kg of Abelcet in the brain only (P < 0.02). Depressed IL-2 production by Con A stimulated CD-1 spleen cells correlated with depressed proliferative responses. Flow cytometry of lymphocytes from HKY-vaccinated showed 52% of CD3(+) or 56% of CD8(+) cells exhibited cell division after stimulation with HKY, compared to non-stimulated controls (26 or 23%, respectively) or HKY-stimulated cells from PBS-vaccinated (31 or 34%). (ODYSEA), Decadal variability of the extratropical response to the Madden-Julian Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation response to the MaddenJulian Oscillation in a coupled climate model, Reversal of ocean gyres near ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea caused by the interaction of sea ice and wind, Seasonal extrema of sea surface temperature in CMIP6 models. Resistance of MBL gene-knockout mice to experimental systemic aspergillosis. Three levels of probability are proposed: "proven," "probable," and "possible." These effects were reproducible; medium dependent in extent; noted in macro- and microdilution, in the presence or absence of serum, and on agar containing drug (but not when drug concentrations were not constant, as in agar diffusion); not seen with other echinocandins and less commonly in other Candida species; and not due to destruction of drug in tubes showing the effect. nov., H. johnsoniae sp. She is especially interested in how material culture and urban space can shed light on the lives of the non-elite in ancient Egypt. In this book, David Stevens explains how the principles of Participatory Business Planning may be applied to any business or public body, of any size and how they can turn adversity into prosperity and efficiency. The combination of HK-Bd and mouse serum resulted in more IL-6 production than either component alone. A variety of other animal species including dogs, primates, and guinea pigs have been used to study host response and vaccine efficacy. Its virulence appears associated with a capacity to produce biofilm and production of phospholipase and aspartyl protease. Res Publica: A journal of social and political philosophy. Histologic examination of samples of brain tissue showed focal abscesses containing Aspergillus hyphae. However, the intersection of signaling pathways and the molecular mechanism of this antagonism remain to be defined. Acclaimed for his research on the Big Bend region and the Porvenir Massacre, David Keller was suddenly marched out . Mannan-BSA (500 kDa) was more protective than 40 kDa mannan-BSA. Alicia Stevens. Thus, both itraconazole and fluconazole were effective at controlling CM, but neither eliminated Coccidioides from tissues. #ScienceGrrl Speed Mentoring: Who championed you? Both normal and immunosuppressed animals are used routinely. Infected mice were given PMN transfusions intravenously. View details for Web of Science ID 000167156500009. We have previously described differences in phenotype and virulence among clinical and nonclinical isolates of Saccharomyces. Endothelial cell activation (ICAM-1 and P-selectin in cerebral capillaries) occurred during infection. To examine gene expression, mRNA was extracted and amplified from mycelial or yeast cultures grown in semi-defined medium for 5, 8 and 14 days. View details for Web of Science ID 000226559700009. CNS aspergillosis is the most frequent and devastating manifestation of dissemination and mortality is high.Cyclophosphamide-suppressed CD-1 mice were infected intracerebrally with conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus and treated for 10 days with suboptimal doses of Abelcet (4 mg/kg) plus micafungin (1 mg/kg), caspofungin (1 mg/kg), itraconazole (100 mg/kg) or voriconazole (40 mg/kg) and compared with monotherapy. View details for Web of Science ID 000075665900020. The ability to grow at 42 degrees is shown to be polygenic with primarily additive effects between loci. Oral itraconazole is an alternative for patients who can take oral medication, are likely to be adherent, can be demonstrated (by serum level monitoring) to absorb the drug, and lack the potential for interaction with other drugs (BII). Further PCR analysis demonstrated that loss of the MTLa1 and MTLalpha1 genes corresponded to loss of all of the loci-specific genes, resulting in homozygosity at the MTL locus. To enable future studies on host resistance factors and therapy, inbred and outbred mouse strains were tested for susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.49.4.1369-1376.2005, View details for Web of Science ID 000228082500018. Montoya, J. G., Chaparro, S. V., Celis, D., Cortes, J. View details for Web of Science ID 000183126500015. At the simplest level, the clinician must be familiar with the appearance of various fungi in tissue. Then there was little progress for 50 years, when in 1951, nystatin was introduced, the first useful polyene. Both loci were present in 84 of the isolates. View details for Web of Science ID 000186262900002, View details for Web of Science ID 000186262900001. The species Candida orthopsilosis (eight isolates) and Candida metapsilosis (two isolates) consisted of five and one other RFLP types, respectively; none were VII-1. A BALB/c substrain (ByJ) was also susceptible. This facility allows three categories of dogs to interact with their patients: service dogs, therapy dogs, and pet visitation dogs by the "Furry Friends Foundation." John Lloyd Stephens, (born Nov. 28, 1805, Shrewsbury, N.J., U.S.died Oct. 12, 1852, New York City), American traveler and archaeologist whose exploration of Maya ruins in Central America and Mexico (1839-40 and 1841-42) generated the archaeology of Middle America. Login Roberts, who lives in Bristol with her archaeologist husband David Stevens and their two children, doesn't claim to be entirely virtuous herself. To study the interaction of antifungal drugs in topical therapy.Local therapy of Candida vaginitis with drugs alone and in combination was examined in a murine model. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a protein of the collectin family that appears important in resistance to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. McCusker, R. W. Davis, and D.A. Histopathologically, VCZ-treated birds did not have necrotic lesions and showed a trend toward fewer with acute inflammatory changes. This feasibility study suggests that a short intermittent high-dose course of 10/5/5 mg LAB kg(-1) on days 1, 3 and 6 may be as safe and effective as a standard 14 day course of 3 mg kg(-1) per day, with drug-acquisition cost savings and reduced drug exposure. Abelcet renal localization appears to be a precursor to late nephrotoxicity. Chiller, T. M., Sobel, R. A., Luque, J. C., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. The pharmacokinetics were estimated by using a population methodology. Mickelsen, P. A., VIANOPAULSON, M. C., Stevens, D. A., Diaz, P. S. PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICITY OF HIGH-DOSE KETOCONAZOLE. Single or multiple-day VRC dosing via IV or PO routes at differing dosages resulted in tissue concentrations that were below the HPLC assay's limit of detection (0.1 g VRC per g tissue). Studying diverse topics including; evolutionary processes, human variation, ecology, skeletal analysis and zoo-archaeology, it prepares students for careers in the anthropological sciences in both the public and private sectors, such as cultural resources management, forensic science; collections management, and advanced graduate studies in . Pulmonary aspergillosis following bone marrow transplantation carries a mortality of 94%, irrespective of current treatment. PMN donors given 100 g/kg recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 10 days yielded 11 10(7) to 13.6 10(7) WBC/ml (81 to 87% PMNs). Low-dose ABLC was less effective than LAmB at reducing brain fungal burdens in both models. In this study we have profiled transcript expression to understand the molecular mechanism of how E(2) inhibits M-to-Y transition.We assessed temporal gene expression in strain Pb01 in the presence or absence of E(2) at various time points through 9 days of the M-to-Y transition using an 11,000 element random-shear genomic DNA microarray and verified the results using quantitative real time-PCR. CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFECTION WITH MALASSEZIA-PACHYDERMATIS IN HIGH-RISK INFANTS. David Stevens (Gojiboy) See Photos. His zodiac sign is Cancer. These results indicate that AmBi in combination with VCZ may be superior for treatment of CNS aspergillosis; combinations of AmBi and MICA or CAS were not antagonistic and may have a slight benefit. We devised a pulmonary infection model in neutropenic BALB/c mice, used an antibacterial regimen to prevent confounding sepsis, and optimized PMN induction, purifications, and dose. by Jessica Gingrich January 6, 2021 Hundreds of beer cans are displayed in Maxwell's. AmBi or ABLC at higher dosages, or loading-doses of AmBi resulted in reduced survival. The latter includes PCR identification of fungal DNA from body fluid samples using conserved or specific genome sequences. Itraconazole appears useful as a steroid sparing agent. Caspofungin was not as effective against the larger inoculum, but did not enhance or interfere with the efficacy of Abelcet. It has been shown to be efficacious in various forms of superficial candidosis, including esophageal disease. Moreover, T cell receptors also recognize glycotopes if presented in the appropriate MHC-binding context. After a single oral VCZ dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg, plasma concentrations peaked 2 h postdose (5.8 and 6.9 microg/ml) and remained above 0.5 microg/ml for 4 and 12 h postdose, respectively. Castrated male mice reconstituted with 17beta-estradiol initially restricted proliferation, but showed disease progression later in infection, whereas castrated female mice reconstituted with testosterone were unable to restrict disease. These guidelines are directed to 3 principal entities: invasive aspergillosis, involving several organ systems (particularly pulmonary disease); pulmonary aspergilloma; and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Lecturer in Archaeology and Ancient History, Monash University - Cited by 664 - archaeology - Egyptology . Trichophyton rubrum had a protein with a higher binding affinity (Kd, 1.6 X 10(-8) M). Mannan binding lectin (MBL) deficiency has been associated with increased susceptibility to vaginitis in humans due to Candida albicans. With aspergillosis, predictive clinical correlates have been defined, respiratory tract cultures are highly predictive of invasive disease in the appropriate setting and certain CT scan findings enable early diagnosis. GM-CSF could promote resistance to conidia by maintaining proinflammatory responses. However, doses of AmBi above 15 mg/kg of body weight showed reduced efficacy. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii in normal and immunodeficient mice. Results showed that the protection induced by mannan is dose-dependent; 12 mg unconjugated mannan alone or > 0.3 mg mannan-BSA consistently enhanced survival (P < 0.05). I am an anthropologist and archaeologist in Western Australia. Amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B plus rifampin showed generally positive interactions and amphotericin B plus itraconazole showed results that were largely indifferent. In 27 in vitro reports, we found synergy (in 36% of reports), additivity (in 24%), indifference (in 28%), and antagonism (in 11%). In this symposium, the most important fungal pathogens that cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients, are considered, with emphasis on how recent experimental work may lead to a better understanding of the role of cytokines and their use in therapy. Mannan is a candidate for a cross-protective conjugate fungal vaccine. Fewer ABLC-treated rabbits (four of eight treated with 7.5 mg/kg and five of eight treated with 15 mg/kg) than controls (nine of nine) had meningitis at any level of severity (P, 0.015 or 0.043 for animals treated with ABLC at 7.5 or 15 mg/kg, respectively). stone slab (or stela) that furnished the first historical evidence of King David from the Bible.. A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. Mannan-induced protection was improved about 40-fold by conjugation of BSA to mannan. Related species, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis, were not confused with C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Caspofungin did not significantly prolong survival or reduce cfu in comparison with the controls. All dosages of Abelcet and conventional amphotericin B tested were equivalent. The cumulative percent toxicity requiring discontinuation of drug was 6, 17, 23, and 56% at 400-, 800-, 1,200-, and 1,600-mg doses. HUSARI, A. W., Jensen, W. A., Kirsch, C. M., Campagna, A. C., Kagawa, F. T., Hamed, K. A., AZZI, R. L., Stevens, D. A. GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENIC SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE ISOLATES, CONTROL OF INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS WITH ORAL ITRACONAZOLE IN A BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT PATIENT. Predictability of European marine climate over seasons to decades, Ocean Dynamics as Drivers of Seasonal to Decadal European Atmospheric Variability. > present (Member of the Longitude Prize Committee) and [????] The central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of dissemination during Aspergillus infection. I successfully recovered the moorings in 2004. Using the metabolic XTT assay, micafungin alone (0.01 and 0.10 microg/ml) inhibited Aspergillus fumigatus germlings by 48% and 61%, respectively. We have previously proposed that 17beta-estradiol may be responsible in part for the decreased frequency of clinical paracoccidioidomycosis in females via a blocking of the initial morphological transformation necessary to initiate infection. The bioassay had an overall positive bias (+23.5%) compared to the UPLC. Clemons, K. V., Schar, G., Stover, E. P., Feldman, D., Stevens, D. A. trivia, The growing genus Halomonas includes bacteria favoring or tolerating high-saline/halide and high-pH environments. The AAC workshop identified savings of HK$1.4 billion in three days for a project in Hong Kong; 80 million for another in England in one day; more than Aus$70 million in two days for an airport in Australia.
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