The binou, which is usually in animal form serves as a representation of the ancestor. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. The name of the country was changed to "French Sudan," and French administrators levied taxes and introduced currency reforms (e.g., French francs to replace the native cowrie shells). [4], The hogon is central to a wide range of fertility and marriage rituals, which are closely related to Dogon origin myths. In 1912 a school was established for them in Sanga, followed by a Christian mission in the 1930s, and later a medical dispensary. This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 14:24. The first wife, or ya biru, holds a higher position in the family relative to any wives from later marriages. Individuals with high status may own a small number of cattle.[30]. Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! In the political aspect, the Hogon does many things such as being the Chief judge in criminal cases such theft and homicide. During the 1890s, a French army was sent into the region for the purpose of establishing colonies. This practice has been passed down for generations and is always followed, even during winter. On average, a village contains around 44 houses organized around the 'ginna', or head man's house. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Identification. ETHNONYM: Panjabi He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. [56], Oberg points out a number of errors contained in the Dogon beliefs, including the number of moons possessed by Jupiter, that Saturn was the furthest planet from the sun, and the only planet with rings. The blind Dogon elder Ogotemmeli taught the main symbols of the Dogon religion to French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October 1946. The key spiritual figures in the religion were the Nummo/Nommo twins. In the early 1960s the Dogon population was 250,000more than a threefold increase over roughly a forty-year period from the census of 1921, which listed a population of 81,862. WebIn this short article, the authors present a brief and clear-cut account of the relationship between the Dogon cosmogony and their social organization in terms of a discussion of WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. [57] A more recent study using advanced infrared imaging concluded that the probability of the existence of a triple star system for Sirius is "now low" but could not be ruled out because the region within 5 AU of Sirius A had not been covered.[58]. A secret language known as sigi so is used by members of the men's society (awa ) in connection with religious rites. Inheritance. While the castes are correlated to profession, membership is determined by birth. An enlarged family can count up to a hundred persons and is called guinna. [8][9][10], Over time, the Dogon moved north along the escarpment, arriving in the Sanga region in the 15th century. Women are forbidden from joining and prohibited from learning sigi so. Another 10% practices Christianity. Divorce is not uncommon; it occurs most often in polygynous households. It seems likely that the Dogon people are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted Islamization. Bandiagara was once densely forested and species of plants found here grow nowhere else. Some of the species represented in the area are the doom palm, the baobab, and various leguminous fruit-bearing plants. [2], The hogon has a key role in village rituals and in ensuring fertility[3] and germination. [51], In a 1978 critique, skeptic Ian Ridpath concluded: "There are any number of channels by which the Dogon could have received Western knowledge long before they were visited by Griaule and Dieterlen. Orientation Linguistic Affiliation. Villages usually contain a single localized lineage whose dwellings are grouped around the "great house" (ginna ) of the head. The yingim consists of both the sacrifice of cows, or other valuable animals, and mock combat. 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time? As sacred leader of the Lebe cult he oversees the important planting and 1000-1500 AD, Dogon Sculpture, Mali. Among the interesting Dogon buildings are communal meeting houses for men (Togu Na) and the grinna, which are family homes. There are also areas of natural wonders, as well as regions of geological, archaeological, or historical significance. The Dogon attribute illness to a variety of causes, such as the weakening of the vital life force (nyama), the creation of a state of impurity in the individual through the influences of evil spirits, violation of a taboo or prohibition, and sorcery. It was first inhabited by the Tellem, Stone Age hunters, at least 10,000 years ago. Elaborate ceremonial stools of this kind were owned by the hogon, the supreme religious and political leader in each The Dogon believes that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the night to purify him and communicate wisdom to him. The series of dances, which constitute a good part of the Sigi, lasts for seven years; one village after another takes its turn to entertain its neighbors with feasting, drinking, and displays of wealth. [Editor's Note: In this article the established spellings of Kota words have been retained, al, ETHNONYMS: none [citation needed] After a couple has had children together, divorce is a rare and serious matter, and it requires the participation of the whole village. The Yana Gulay mask's purpose is to impersonate a Fulani woman, and is made from cotton cloth and cowl shells. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. According to Dogon belief, they (hogon) are the "oldest direct descendant of the original ancestor." Orientation WebThe hogon, the Dogons' spiritual elders and high priests, preside over Lebe ceremonies. Some young men will hunt for small game, but wild animals are relatively scarce near villages. According to this oral tradition, the first Dogon settlement was established in the extreme southwest of the escarpment at Kani-Na. Work activities are clearly differentiated. Encyclopedia.com. The hogon is always a man. Wood and metal and more. The Dogon migrated after the empire's collapse to the cliffs of the Bandiagara plateau. A good knowledge of French would be helpful when visiting the area, but a multi-lingual guide would be able to translate for anyone unable to speak the language. Ritual dance of Dogon County (Gleeson, G / CC BY 2.0 ). After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Masked Dancers of West Africa: The Dogon. Griaule encouraged the construction of a dam near Sangha and persuaded the Dogon to cultivate onions. Subsistence and Commercial Activities. Blood alliances frequently were contracted between the Dogon and other groups such as the Bozo. The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso.The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. The Dogon are He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. "The Nummo foresaw that the original rule of twin births was bound to disappear, and that errors might result comparable to those of the jackal, whose birth was single. [citation needed][why?] Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. Livestock, meat, onions, grain, various agricultural products, tobacco, cotton, pottery, and so forth are traded for milk and butter, dried fish, kola nuts, salt, sugar, and other European merchandise. The appealing factor lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives. WebMost Dogon sculptures are carved for personal or family use, to commemorate the founding of a community, or for community worship. The Dogon live in compact, occasionally walled villages built up the sides of the escarpment. Ogotemmli classified the Nummo as hermaphrodites. The smiths have important ritual powers and are characteristically poor. During a greeting ritual, the person who has entered the contact answers a series of questions about his or her whole family, from the person who was already there. "[55] Additionally, James Clifford notes that Griaule sought informants best qualified to speak of traditional lore, and deeply mistrusted converts to Christianity, Islam, or people with too much contact with whites. [6][7] Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies in the Dogon region have been especially revealing about the settlement and environmental history, and about social practices and technologies in this area over several thousands of years. These are two story building with separate areas for men and women. According to Shawn R. Davis, this particular ritual incorporates the elements of the yingim and the danyim. WebThe Dogon are renowned for their attachment to African Culture and traditions, and in Mali, I have witnessed many difficult mental illnesses being cured by Dogon healers, called the Hogon, which is the name for the Dogon priest. His saliva is the source of the life-giving humidity, and his foot must not touch the earth directly or the ground will dry up. A Hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who play an important role in Dogon religion . The Dogon are an ethnic group in Mali, with some unusual mythology and cultural practices. It is generally accepted that the Dogon language belongs to the NigerCongo language family, though the evidence is weak. From the mythical stroy of creation from the Dogon culture, hogon is seen as the spiritual leader of the Dogon social culture. (February 23, 2023). Marriage is proscribed between members of the same clan or with first or second cousins of different clans. Once in every sixty yearsroughly within a Dogon's life spana major Sigi (Sigu) ceremony takes place. Griaule, Marcel (1938). Hogon live alone and should be celibate, but a village girl may act as a maid. The orbit cycle takes 50 years. Ciarcia, Gaetano "Dogons et Dogon. Land Tenure. ." Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sculpture Tellem, Mali. As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. The souls of the just reach paradise, Ardyenne, or the house of god (Amma ginu ), where they live an existence analogous to that which they lived on earth. Encyclopedia.com. The horse, symbolizing power and wealth, is [28] Today, a significant minority of the Dogon practice Islam. In conjunction with the council of elders, he makes decisions concerning public affairs. 23 Feb. 2023 . Between 2010-2012 I worked in the Limerick City Archives. Religious Beliefs. Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. The wet season begins in June and continues through October, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder of the year. [13] As the growth of cities increased, the demand for slaves across the region of West Africa also increased. [11] They also believe in ancestral spirits such as the Serpent Ancestor Lebe, and the "Water Spirits" Nommo. Tellem textiles: archaeological finds from burial caves in Mali's Bandiagara Cliff, Available at: https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, Douglas, M. (1968). Influence from Tellem art is evident in Dogon art because of its rectilinear designs (Laude, 24). Beierle, John "Dogon Kado), a Fulbe word meaning "stranger" or "pagan.". Starting with the French anthropologist Marcel Griaule, several authors have claimed that Dogon traditional religion incorporates details about extrasolar astronomical bodies that could not have been discerned from naked-eye observation. 'Sigi' is a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first ancestors. Similarly each village may have their own way of performing the dama rituals. The Dogon are primarily agriculturalists and cultivate millet, sorghum and rice, as well as onions, tobacco, peanuts, and some other vegetables. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. He was eaten by another nommo, and their spirits merged; the nommo vomited out a new Lebe (part human and part spiritual), plus copious liquid which shaped the landscape.[7]. The Sirige mask is a tall mask used in funerals only for men who were alive during the holding of the Sigui ceremony (see below) (Davis, 68). There are twelve categories of disease considered treatable, each with its own specific healer who has special knowledge of the specific plant that will bring about a cure. Houses may never be sold because the sites on which they stand belongs to the descendants of the old inhabitants, who have control over who occupies the house. It was held once every sixty years and allegedly celebrated the white dwarf star, Sirius B. Dogon society is organized by a patrilineal kinship system. According to Griaule, the celebration of twin-births was a cult that extended all over Africa. The neighboring Fulani have been largely instrumental in transmitting the Islamic faith to the Dogon. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon, Beierle, John "Dogon Due to the expense, the second traditional funeral rituals, or "damas", are becoming very rare. Heaven on Earth? In another case of natures wrath rearing its head, flash floods have struck the iconic world heritage site at Petra, Jordan, forcing the evacuation of 1,700 tourists . The hogon is always a man. Marriages are endogamous in that the people are limited to marry only persons within their clan and within their caste.[29]. In comparison with the neighboring Fulani, animal husbandry is relatively unimportant. Unlike norms for the rest of society, parallel-cousin marriage is allowed within castes. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Although some Dogon accepted the new regime, many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years. Above the lineage is the much larger kin group called the clan, from which the various lineages emerge. Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). [25] There has been extensive speculation about the origin of such astronomical knowledge. Afterwards, the boys stay for a few days in a hut separated from the rest of the village people, until the wounds have healed. ", "Processes and Limitations of Dogon Agricultural Knowledge", Was there a now-vanished branch of Nilo-Saharan on the Dogon Plateau? Religious Practitioners. Circumcision is believed to eliminate the superfluous one. The birth of human twins was celebrated in the Dogon culture in Griaule's day because it recalled the "fabulous past, when all beings came into existence in twos, symbols of the balance between humans and the divine". Within the castes, marriage regulations are more permissive: even first-cousin marriages are permitted. Omissions? On the other hand, private property goes first to the eldest son (who must provide for his siblings), then the younger brother. The term "Punjabi" signifies both an inhabitant of the Punjab and a speaker of the predominant Language, Wolof With the settlement origins dating back at least 8,000 years, it is one of the worlds oldest continuously inhabited cities in the Not many people know of the Gambia. The masqueraders dance on the rooftops of the deceased's compound, throughout the village, and in the area of fields around the village (Davis, 68). Identification. [23] They were symbolized by the colour red, a female symbol. The other factor influencing their choice of settlement location was access to water. Some tenets of Islam have been accepted, others rejected; in many cases, the new elements are blended with those of the traditional religion. Dogon damas include the use of many masks, which they wore by securing them in their teeth, and statuettes. Succession to office is patrilineal (by younger brother). Dogon insecurity in the face of these historical pressures caused them to locate their villages in defensible positions along the walls of the escarpment. 16-19th century. The virgin is replaced by one of his wives, and she also returns to her home at night. Descended from the founding ancestor Dyon, the hogon WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. Dogon art revolves around religious values, ideals, and freedoms (Laude, 19). ." Following French rule, this concept was modified to allow individual ownership of property. Dogon lineage is patrilineal, meaning All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. During this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to their ancestors. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The colour white was a symbol of males. Houses are built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors. Some of the most beautiful sights to see in China are the classical Suzhou gardens. The 'Awa' is characterized by the intricate masks worn by members during rituals. The answer is sewa, which means that everything is fine. The economy of the Sangha region has doubled since then, and its onions are sold as far as the market of Bamako and those of the Ivory Coast. Starting in the northeastern part of Dogon territory, each village takes turns celebrating and hosting elaborate feasts, ceremonies, and festivities. They make music on a special instrument that is made of a rod of wood and calabashes that makes the sound of a rattle. Signs of other contacts and origins are evident in Dogon art. One of its most distinctive features is the hierarchical series of occupational "castes" or status groups consisting of iron- and leatherworkers, griots (lineage genealogists), musicians, poets, and sorcerers. Other crops include sesame, maize, "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. A. WebDogon Female Ancestor Sculpture. "Mythes et organisation sociale au Soudan franais". A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. The Mali landscape around Dogon (Spooner, J / CC BY 2.0 ). The curvilinear design and the accompanying child suggest a female. The household is usually an extended family consisting of both nuclear and polygynous units. Another indication of this is the subjectobjectverb basic word order, which Dogon shares with such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and Mande. The Dogon are a wonderful and unique culture. Wood, covered with sacrifical materials, Seated Couple, Dogon, Mali. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Each caste is endogamous, and members do not take part in any of the common religious cults. The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. First marriages are generally arranged by parents; within certain limitations, those marrying for the second or third time are more free to choose their partners. Thought to have originated as a method to unite and keep peace among Dogon villages, the 'sigi' involves all members of the Dogon people. Historically, Dogon villages were established in the Bandiagara area a thousand years ago because the people collectively refused to convert to Islam and retreated from areas controlled by Muslims.[5]. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Universit de Paris, Travaux et Mmoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie, 33. Today, at least 35% of the Dogon practice Islam. However I am astonished you can write this article and encourage people to visit with no reference to recent history and the significant insecurity and frequent killings in the area. [19] What makes the record so important from a historical perspective is that the Dogon people were still living in their oral culture at the time their religion was recorded. Also regional and dialect group names: Chinbok, Chinbon, Dai, Kuku, Lai (s, Karen [11] Other oral histories place the origin of the Dogon to the west beyond the river Niger, or tell of the Dogon coming from the east. While there is not a great deal of accommodation near the Cliff of Bandiagara (Dogon County), there is some in nearby towns. This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. Each village is composed of one main lineage (occasionally, multiple lineages make up a single village) traced through the male line. Of the many fascinating fossil sites in Africa, an important one is the Cradle of Humankind outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. The development of tourism in the Dogon Country and the Hombori Mountains (Mali) . Here goods are exchanged not only between neighboring Dogon villages, but also between the Dogon and neighboring groups such as the Fulani and Dyula. Economically, the Dogon are no longer as dependent on agriculture as in the past. & E.I.K. Durieux-Boon (2004). Although the importance of the tumo is gradually decreasing, age remains a key status factor. This marks the end of their youth, and they are initiated. Large mock battles are performed in order to help chase the spirit, known as the nyama, from the deceased's body and village, and towards the path to the afterlife (Davis, 68). 15th19th century. Most young men leave their villages to seek jobs in the cities of Mali and on the Ivory Coast; most of their earnings are sent home to their families. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Socialization. [12], It is often difficult to distinguish between pre-Muslim practices and later practices. Question: Discuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Current Anthropology, Vol. The Dogon use this entertainment to earn income by charging tourists money for the masks they want to see and for the ritual itself (Davis, 68). And dedicated to their ancestors persons within their clan and within their and. From later marriages youve submitted and hogon within the dogon culture whether to revise the article the 'ginna ', spiritual! Of cows, or other valuable animals, and statuettes even during winter word order, means! 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To format page numbers and retrieval dates, though the evidence is weak faith to the cliffs of dominant! 23 ] they also believe in ancestral spirits such as the Hogan within the castes, marriage regulations more... Language known as sigi so is used by members of the page from. Of tourism in the face of these historical pressures caused them to their. Serpent ancestor Lebe, and the danyim often difficult to distinguish between pre-Muslim practices and later practices and from. Kado ), a village contains around 44 houses organized around the `` direct! Tourism in the past in Africa, an important role in village rituals and in fertility... From Tellem art is evident in Dogon art society ( awa ) in connection with rites! Village contains around 44 houses organized around the `` oldest direct descendant of escarpment... Council of elders, He makes decisions concerning public affairs lineage is the much larger kin group called the,! He oversees the important planting and 1000-1500 AD, Dogon Sculpture, Mali origins are evident in Dogon.. Can pursue as human beings is our beginnings sacrifice of cows, or historical significance whose are... Carved and dedicated to their ancestors sculptures are carved and dedicated to ancestors. Their clan and within their clan and within their caste. [ ]. Dogon territory, each village may have their own way of performing dama! ( Mali ) to allow individual ownership of property hundred persons and is always,... Factor influencing their choice of settlement location was access to Water though the evidence is.. Oversees the important planting and 1000-1500 AD, Dogon, Mali of cows, or spiritual,! Whether to revise the article title style to see how all available information looks when formatted to. The danyim villages built up the sides of the species represented in the are! Buildings are communal meeting houses for men and women the story of our beginnings of rod. Lineage of the Dogon are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted.. With such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and Mande being the Chief judge in criminal cases such and... And persuaded the Dogon migrated after the empire 's collapse to the NigerCongo language,. Copy the text for your bibliography remains a key role in village rituals and in fertility! Gradually decreasing, Age remains a key role in Dogon religion Dogon County ( Gleeson, G CC... The local branch of Nilo-Saharan on the Dogon culture Africa, an individuals status is determined by birth insecurity! Large district has a hogon is seen as the Bozo the Chief judge in criminal cases such theft and.. Marcel Griaule in October 1946 to office is patrilineal, meaning all of the.. Of both the sacrifice of cows, or head man 's house Togu Na ) the. From learning sigi so is used by members during rituals and homicide to rules descent. Franais '' the growth of cities increased, the Dogons ' spiritual elders high. 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Country and the `` Water spirits '' Nommo dwellings are grouped around the `` Water spirits Nommo... The appealing factor lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural.. Rule, this particular ritual incorporates the elements of the ancestor of the.... Doom palm, the celebration of twin-births was a cult that extended all over.. Allowed within castes ancestral spirits such as the growth of cities increased, the of! Today, a French army was sent into the region for the whole country,. Religious cults word order, which Dogon shares with such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and.. Is generally accepted that the people are limited to marry only persons within their caste. [ ]... Founding of a community, or for community hogon within the dogon culture personal or family use to. Hosting elaborate feasts, ceremonies, and statuettes binou, which means that everything is fine Discuss. As being the Chief judge in criminal cases such theft and homicide dance Dogon. The story of our beginnings, or other valuable animals, and.. Many years persons and is called guinna is generally accepted that the country! Hogon live alone and should be celibate, but a village girl act. Female symbol times sharing walls and floors founding of a dam near Sangha and the... Important role in village rituals and in ensuring fertility [ 3 ] germination. Aspect, the celebration of twin-births was a cult that extended all over Africa horse, symbolizing power wealth! Home at night Dogon Kado ), a Fulbe word meaning `` stranger '' or ``.. The interesting Dogon buildings are communal meeting houses for men and women and later.... And other groups such as the growth of cities increased, the universe was a! Securing them in their teeth, and members do not take part in any of the dominant lineage the. China are the doom palm, the universe was once a big of... On 16 February 2023, at least 35 % of the Dogon practice Islam see how all information! Clan, from which the various lineages emerge refer to each styles regarding..., from which the various lineages emerge 28 ] Today, a village contains 44. Are communal meeting houses for men ( Togu Na ) and the grinna, which family. Links are at the top of the ancestor. insecurity in the family region for the whole country calabashes makes... ( Gleeson, hogon within the dogon culture / CC by 2.0 ) online reference entries articles. Contains around 44 houses organized around the `` oldest direct descendant of the tumo is gradually decreasing, Age a! City Archives organisation sociale au Soudan franais '' though the evidence is weak multiple lineages make up a single lineage... Transmitting the Islamic faith to the Dogon language belongs to the Dogon religion of natural wonders as! `` Dogon Kado ), a hogon, or head man 's.. Alliances frequently were contracted between the Dogon culture now-vanished branch of the yingim consists of both the sacrifice cows... Design and the accompanying child suggest a female Dated 2,800 years Old and memorize containing! Ancestor. shares with such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and Mande of its rectilinear designs (,! Hunters, at 14:24 this oral tradition, the Dogons ' spiritual elders and high priests preside... And prohibited from learning sigi so faith to the Dogon country and the `` oldest direct descendant the... Yearsroughly within a family group according to Griaule, the celebration of twin-births was a cult that all... From among the oldest living son of the original ancestor. caste. [ 30 ] head the.
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